PMC

Comparison of caloric expense upon exercise and nutrient intake between the baseline and observation periods. (A–C) Differences in the nutrient intake and exercise between the baseline and observation period. (A) The differences in the carbohydrate intake (g) between the baseline and observation periods of each group were measured and compared with those of the low carbohydrate group. (B) The differences in fat intake (g) between the baseline and observation periods were measured and compared with those of the low-fat group. (C) The levels of exercise change between the baseline and observation periods were measured based on their mean caloric expense per day upon exercise. The burned calories per day of the nutrient modification groups were compared with those of the intense-exercise group. (D–F) Weekly caloric expense upon exercise and nutrient intake. The area shaded in gray represents the baseline period. (D) Mean carbohydrate intake per person per week (PPPW) values through lunch were measured in each group, the carbohydrate intake of the low carbohydrate group being constantly lower during the observation period compared to the other groups. The solid line and dashed line represent weekly caloric expense upon nutrient intake, and exercise, respectively. (E) Mean fat intake PPPW values through lunch were measured per each group, and the fat intake was reduced during the observation period in the low-fat group. The solid line and dashed line represent weekly caloric expense upon nutrient intake, and exercise, respectively. (F) Mean expanded caloric PPPW values were measured in each group. The intense exercise group shows an overall high caloric expense compared to the other groups. The solid line and dashed line represent weekly caloric expense upon exercise, and nutrient intake, respectively.